Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Achievement and Leadership
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, appraise and control one's emotions. It is the ability to motivate oneself even in stressful situations, to control impulsive behaviour and to manage feelings in perfect way. Emotional intelligence can be considered as a set of skills which contribute to the proper assessment and regulation of emotions, and the utilization of feelings for best achievement in academics, profession and life. Emotional Intelligence is an important predictor of success in life and has significant role in stress management and academic achievement. Students who are high academic performers, usually have higher emotional intelligence scores compared with children with scholastic backwardness. Individuals with high emotional intelligence will correctly understand emotional issues, manage stressful situations successfully and regulate emotions in the best way. They are balanced, empathetic, self-aware and sociable. They have very strong will-power and are intrinsically motivated. Emotional intelligence is also a crucial factor needed for successful leadership. It has significant role in academic and organizational success.References
1. Fernandez-Berrocal P, Extremera N. Emotional intelligence: a theoretical and empirical review of its first 15 years of history. Psicothema. 2006;18 Suppl:7-12.
2. Kemp AH, Cooper NJ, Hermens G, Gordon E, Bryant R, Williams LM. Toward an integrated profile of emotional intelligence: introducing a brief measure. J Integr Neurosci. 2005 Mar;4(1):41-61.
3. Arora S, Ashrafian H, Davis R, Athanasiou T, Darzi A, Sevdalis N. Emotional intelligence in medicine: a systematic review through the context of the ACGME competencies. Med Educ. 2010;44(8):749-64.
4. Mayer JD, Salovey P, Caruso DR. Emotional intelligence: new ability or eclectic traits? Am Psychol. 2008;63(6):503-17.
5. Pisner DA, Smith R, Alkozei A, Klimova A, Killgore WD. Highways of the emotional intellect: white matter microstructural correlates of an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence. Soc Neurosci. 2016 May 9:1-15.
6. Mayer JD, Roberts RD, Barsade SG. Human abilities: emotional intelligence. Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59:507-36.
7. Reis DL, Brackett MA, Shamosh NA, Kiehl KA, Salovey P, Gray JR. Emotional Intelligence predicts individual differences in social exchange reasoning. Neuroimage. 2007;35(3):1385-91.
8. Johnson DR. Emotional intelligence as a crucial component to medical education. Int J Med Educ. 2015 6(6):179-83.
9. Wong CS, Law KS. The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. Leadersh Q. 2002;13:243-74.
10. Melita PL, Ceasar D, Ferris GR, Anthony PA, Ronald BM. Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. Int J Organ Anal. 2003;11:21-40.
11. Strack J, Esteves F. Exams? Why worry? Interpreting anxiety as facilitative and stress appraisals. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(2):205-14.
12. Abdulghani HM, Al-Drees AA, Khalil MS, Ahmad F, Ponnamperuma GG, Amin Z. What factors determine academic achievement in high achieving undergraduate medical students? A qualitative study. Med Teach. 2014 Apr;36 Suppl 1:S43-8.
13. Hendren RL. Predicting success and failure of medical students at risk for dismissal. J Med Educ. 1988;63:596-602.4.
14. Goleman D, Sutherland S. Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Nature. 1996;379:34.
15. Martin AJ, Marsh HW. Academic buoyancy: Towards an understanding of students' everyday academic resilience. J Sch Psychol. 2008;46(1):53-83.
16. Caprara GV1, Vecchione M, Alessandri G, Gerbino M, Barbaranelli C. The contribution of personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs to academic achievement: a longitudinal study. Br J Educ Psychol. 2011;81(Pt 1):78-96.
17. Brackett MA, Rivers SE, Salovey P. Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Personal, Social, Academic, and Workplace Success. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2011;5:88-103.
18. Balluerka N, Gorostiaga A, Alonso-Arbiol I, Aritzeta A. Peer attachment and class emotional intelligence as predictors of adolescents' psychological well-being: A multilevel approach. J Adolesc. 2016 Sep 2;53:1-9.
19. Di Fabio A, Kenny ME. Promoting Well-Being: The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence. Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 17;7:1182.
20. Humphrey N, Curran A, Morris E, Farrell P, Woods K. Emotional Intelligence and Education: A critical review. Educational Psychology. 2007;27:235-254.
21. Chew BH, Zain AM, Hassan F. Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13:44.
22. Gorgich EA, Barfroshan S, Ghoreishi G, Balouchi A, Nastizaie N, Arbabisarjou A. The Association of Self-Assessed Emotional Intelligence with Academic Achievement and General Health among Students of Medical Sciences. Glob J Health Sci. 2016;8(12):55776.
23. Moslehi M, Samouei R, Tayebani T, Kolahduz S. A study of the academic performance of medical students in the comprehensive examination of the basic sciences according to the indices of emotional intelligence and educational status. J Educ Health Promot. 2015;4:66.
24. Romanelli F, Cain J, Smith KM. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of academic and/or professional success. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(3):69
25. Hasegawa Y, Ninomiya K, Fujii K, Sekimoto T. Emotional intelligence score and performance of dental undergraduates. Odontology. 2016;104(3):397-401.
26. Mavroveli S, Sánchez-Ruiz MJ. Trait emotional intelligence influences on academic achievement and school behaviour. Br J Educ Psychol. 2011;81(Pt 1):112-34.
27. Gharetepeh A, Safari Y, Pashaei , Razaei M, Bagher Kajbaf M. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of self-efficacy among students with different levels of academic achievement at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2015;3(2):50-5.
28. Kumar A, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR. Association Between Dental Students' Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance: A Study at Six Dental Colleges in India. J Dent Educ. 2016;80(5):526-32.
29. Zakariasen K1, Victoroff KZ. Leaders and emotional intelligence: a view from those who follow. Healthc Manage Forum. 2012;25(2):86-90.
30. O'Connell MT, Pascoe JM. Undergraduate medical education for the 21st century: leadership and teamwork. Fam Med. 2004 Jan;36 Suppl:S51-6.
31. Czabanowska K1, Malho A, Schröder-Bäck P, Popa D, Burazeri G. Do we develop public health leaders?- association between public health competencies and emotional intelligence: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14:83.
32. Zhou J, George JM. Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence. Leadersh Q. 2003;14:545-68.
33. O’Boyle EH, Ronald HH, Jeffrey MP, Thomas HH, Paul AS. The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. J Organ Behav. 2011;32:788-818.
34. Carmeli A. The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. J Manage Psychol. 2003;18:788-813.
35. Lyons JB, Schneider TR. The influence of emotional intelligence on performance. Pers Individ Dif. 2005;39:693-703.
36. Jordan PJ, Ashkanasy NM, Charmine EJ, Gregory SH. Workgroup Emotional Intelligence. Scale development and relationship to team process effectiveness and goal focus. Hum Resour Manage Rev. 2002;12:195-214.
37. Hayashi A, Ewert A. Outdoor leaders’ emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. J Experiential Educ. 2006;28:222-42.
38. Eicher D. Essential executive skills for the future: Emotional intelligence. Futurics. 2003;27:104-35.
39. Offermann LR, Bailey JR, Vasilopoulos NL, Seal C, Sass M. The relative contribution of emotional competence and cognitive ability to individual and team performance. Hum Perf. 2004;17:219-43.
40. Rao PR. Emotional intelligence: the Sine Qua Non for a clinical leadership toolbox. J Commun Disord. 2006;39(4):310-9.
2. Kemp AH, Cooper NJ, Hermens G, Gordon E, Bryant R, Williams LM. Toward an integrated profile of emotional intelligence: introducing a brief measure. J Integr Neurosci. 2005 Mar;4(1):41-61.
3. Arora S, Ashrafian H, Davis R, Athanasiou T, Darzi A, Sevdalis N. Emotional intelligence in medicine: a systematic review through the context of the ACGME competencies. Med Educ. 2010;44(8):749-64.
4. Mayer JD, Salovey P, Caruso DR. Emotional intelligence: new ability or eclectic traits? Am Psychol. 2008;63(6):503-17.
5. Pisner DA, Smith R, Alkozei A, Klimova A, Killgore WD. Highways of the emotional intellect: white matter microstructural correlates of an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence. Soc Neurosci. 2016 May 9:1-15.
6. Mayer JD, Roberts RD, Barsade SG. Human abilities: emotional intelligence. Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59:507-36.
7. Reis DL, Brackett MA, Shamosh NA, Kiehl KA, Salovey P, Gray JR. Emotional Intelligence predicts individual differences in social exchange reasoning. Neuroimage. 2007;35(3):1385-91.
8. Johnson DR. Emotional intelligence as a crucial component to medical education. Int J Med Educ. 2015 6(6):179-83.
9. Wong CS, Law KS. The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. Leadersh Q. 2002;13:243-74.
10. Melita PL, Ceasar D, Ferris GR, Anthony PA, Ronald BM. Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. Int J Organ Anal. 2003;11:21-40.
11. Strack J, Esteves F. Exams? Why worry? Interpreting anxiety as facilitative and stress appraisals. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(2):205-14.
12. Abdulghani HM, Al-Drees AA, Khalil MS, Ahmad F, Ponnamperuma GG, Amin Z. What factors determine academic achievement in high achieving undergraduate medical students? A qualitative study. Med Teach. 2014 Apr;36 Suppl 1:S43-8.
13. Hendren RL. Predicting success and failure of medical students at risk for dismissal. J Med Educ. 1988;63:596-602.4.
14. Goleman D, Sutherland S. Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Nature. 1996;379:34.
15. Martin AJ, Marsh HW. Academic buoyancy: Towards an understanding of students' everyday academic resilience. J Sch Psychol. 2008;46(1):53-83.
16. Caprara GV1, Vecchione M, Alessandri G, Gerbino M, Barbaranelli C. The contribution of personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs to academic achievement: a longitudinal study. Br J Educ Psychol. 2011;81(Pt 1):78-96.
17. Brackett MA, Rivers SE, Salovey P. Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Personal, Social, Academic, and Workplace Success. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2011;5:88-103.
18. Balluerka N, Gorostiaga A, Alonso-Arbiol I, Aritzeta A. Peer attachment and class emotional intelligence as predictors of adolescents' psychological well-being: A multilevel approach. J Adolesc. 2016 Sep 2;53:1-9.
19. Di Fabio A, Kenny ME. Promoting Well-Being: The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence. Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 17;7:1182.
20. Humphrey N, Curran A, Morris E, Farrell P, Woods K. Emotional Intelligence and Education: A critical review. Educational Psychology. 2007;27:235-254.
21. Chew BH, Zain AM, Hassan F. Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13:44.
22. Gorgich EA, Barfroshan S, Ghoreishi G, Balouchi A, Nastizaie N, Arbabisarjou A. The Association of Self-Assessed Emotional Intelligence with Academic Achievement and General Health among Students of Medical Sciences. Glob J Health Sci. 2016;8(12):55776.
23. Moslehi M, Samouei R, Tayebani T, Kolahduz S. A study of the academic performance of medical students in the comprehensive examination of the basic sciences according to the indices of emotional intelligence and educational status. J Educ Health Promot. 2015;4:66.
24. Romanelli F, Cain J, Smith KM. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of academic and/or professional success. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(3):69
25. Hasegawa Y, Ninomiya K, Fujii K, Sekimoto T. Emotional intelligence score and performance of dental undergraduates. Odontology. 2016;104(3):397-401.
26. Mavroveli S, Sánchez-Ruiz MJ. Trait emotional intelligence influences on academic achievement and school behaviour. Br J Educ Psychol. 2011;81(Pt 1):112-34.
27. Gharetepeh A, Safari Y, Pashaei , Razaei M, Bagher Kajbaf M. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of self-efficacy among students with different levels of academic achievement at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2015;3(2):50-5.
28. Kumar A, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR. Association Between Dental Students' Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance: A Study at Six Dental Colleges in India. J Dent Educ. 2016;80(5):526-32.
29. Zakariasen K1, Victoroff KZ. Leaders and emotional intelligence: a view from those who follow. Healthc Manage Forum. 2012;25(2):86-90.
30. O'Connell MT, Pascoe JM. Undergraduate medical education for the 21st century: leadership and teamwork. Fam Med. 2004 Jan;36 Suppl:S51-6.
31. Czabanowska K1, Malho A, Schröder-Bäck P, Popa D, Burazeri G. Do we develop public health leaders?- association between public health competencies and emotional intelligence: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14:83.
32. Zhou J, George JM. Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence. Leadersh Q. 2003;14:545-68.
33. O’Boyle EH, Ronald HH, Jeffrey MP, Thomas HH, Paul AS. The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. J Organ Behav. 2011;32:788-818.
34. Carmeli A. The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. J Manage Psychol. 2003;18:788-813.
35. Lyons JB, Schneider TR. The influence of emotional intelligence on performance. Pers Individ Dif. 2005;39:693-703.
36. Jordan PJ, Ashkanasy NM, Charmine EJ, Gregory SH. Workgroup Emotional Intelligence. Scale development and relationship to team process effectiveness and goal focus. Hum Resour Manage Rev. 2002;12:195-214.
37. Hayashi A, Ewert A. Outdoor leaders’ emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. J Experiential Educ. 2006;28:222-42.
38. Eicher D. Essential executive skills for the future: Emotional intelligence. Futurics. 2003;27:104-35.
39. Offermann LR, Bailey JR, Vasilopoulos NL, Seal C, Sass M. The relative contribution of emotional competence and cognitive ability to individual and team performance. Hum Perf. 2004;17:219-43.
40. Rao PR. Emotional intelligence: the Sine Qua Non for a clinical leadership toolbox. J Commun Disord. 2006;39(4):310-9.
