Vaccine Associated Myocarditis
Abstract
Most of the cases of vaccine associated myocarditis have been following small pox vaccination. Reports have also been there after streptococcal pneumonia vaccine and influenza vaccine. In some cases, autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) used in the vaccine have been implicated. Exclusion of other causes is very important in the diagnostic process, especially that of acute coronary syndrome. Management is similar to that of other etiologies of myocarditis. These rare instances of myocarditis should not preclude one from taking necessary immunization for vaccine preventable diseases.References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cardiac Adverse Events Following Smallpox Vaccination - United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 52(12);248-250.
2. Dalgaard JB. Fatal myocarditis following smallpox vaccination. Am Heart J. 1957; 54:156–7.
3. Makaryus AN, Revere DJ, Steinberg B. Recurrent reversible dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral and streptococcal pneumonia vaccine-associated myocarditis. Cardiol Rev. 2006 Jul-Aug;14(4):e1-4.
4. Cheng MP, Kozoriz MG, Ahmadi AA, Kelsall J, Paquette K, Onrot JM. Post-vaccination myositis and myocarditis in a previously healthy male. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:6.
5. Miller ER, Moro PL, Cano M, Shimabukuro TT. Deaths following vaccination: What does the evidence show? Vaccine. 2015 Jun 26;33(29):3288-92.
6. Taylor CL, Eckart RE. Chest pain, ST elevation, and positive cardiac enzymes in an austere environment: differentiating smallpox vaccination-mediated myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Emerg Med. 2012 Mar;42(3):267-70.
7. Eckart RE, Shry EA, Jones SO 4th, Atwood JE, Grabenstein JD. Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocarditis following smallpox vaccination to acute coronary syndromes in patients <40 years of age. Am J Cardiol. 2005 May 15;95(10):1252-5.
8. Bruner DI, Butler BS. Smallpox vaccination-associated myopericarditis is more common with the newest smallpox vaccine. J Emerg Med. 2014 Mar;46(3):e85-7.
9. Cassimatis DC, Atwood JE, Engler RM, Linz PE, Grabenstein JD, Vernalis MN. Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1503-1510.
10. A report of 2 cases of myopericarditis after Vaccinia virus (smallpox) immunization. WMJ. 2011 Dec;110(6):291-4. Sharma U, Tak T.
11. Colafrancesco S, Perricone C, Tomljenovic L, Shoenfeld Y. Human papilloma virus vaccine and primary ovarian failure: another facet of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013;70(4):309–316.
12. Perricone C, Shoenfeld Y. Hepatitis B vaccination and undifferentiated connective tissue disease: another brick in the wall of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Asia) J Clin Rheumatol. 2013;19(5):231–233.
2. Dalgaard JB. Fatal myocarditis following smallpox vaccination. Am Heart J. 1957; 54:156–7.
3. Makaryus AN, Revere DJ, Steinberg B. Recurrent reversible dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral and streptococcal pneumonia vaccine-associated myocarditis. Cardiol Rev. 2006 Jul-Aug;14(4):e1-4.
4. Cheng MP, Kozoriz MG, Ahmadi AA, Kelsall J, Paquette K, Onrot JM. Post-vaccination myositis and myocarditis in a previously healthy male. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:6.
5. Miller ER, Moro PL, Cano M, Shimabukuro TT. Deaths following vaccination: What does the evidence show? Vaccine. 2015 Jun 26;33(29):3288-92.
6. Taylor CL, Eckart RE. Chest pain, ST elevation, and positive cardiac enzymes in an austere environment: differentiating smallpox vaccination-mediated myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Emerg Med. 2012 Mar;42(3):267-70.
7. Eckart RE, Shry EA, Jones SO 4th, Atwood JE, Grabenstein JD. Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocarditis following smallpox vaccination to acute coronary syndromes in patients <40 years of age. Am J Cardiol. 2005 May 15;95(10):1252-5.
8. Bruner DI, Butler BS. Smallpox vaccination-associated myopericarditis is more common with the newest smallpox vaccine. J Emerg Med. 2014 Mar;46(3):e85-7.
9. Cassimatis DC, Atwood JE, Engler RM, Linz PE, Grabenstein JD, Vernalis MN. Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1503-1510.
10. A report of 2 cases of myopericarditis after Vaccinia virus (smallpox) immunization. WMJ. 2011 Dec;110(6):291-4. Sharma U, Tak T.
11. Colafrancesco S, Perricone C, Tomljenovic L, Shoenfeld Y. Human papilloma virus vaccine and primary ovarian failure: another facet of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013;70(4):309–316.
12. Perricone C, Shoenfeld Y. Hepatitis B vaccination and undifferentiated connective tissue disease: another brick in the wall of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Asia) J Clin Rheumatol. 2013;19(5):231–233.
