Autism Spectrum Disorder – Advances in Genomics and Impact of Early Behavioral Intervention
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disÂorder characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as by restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or activities. It is a complex polygenic disorder. It occurs due to altered gene-environmental interacÂtion. There are several single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with autism spectrum disorder. Copy number variations are detected in several autism spectrum disorder probands. Recent studies have found novel candidate genes and point mutations associated with this disorder. Abnormal synaptic homeostasis is found to be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder. Several risk genes are the key regulators of synaptic plasticity. Rare de novo and inherited copy number variations have been implicated in the genetic risk factors. The key to successful management of autism spectrum disorder is early behavioral intervention. Infant "at risk" should be provided very early intervention before full syndrome is present. Parent training interventions have an important role in the management of these children. Early interventions will improve the intelligence, adaptive behavior as well as the social and communication skills of the children with autism spectrum disorder.
