Emotional Problems in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Diseases
Abstract
Chronic diseases of childhood and the associated emotional problems are receiving major attention in the current pediatric practice. Adolescents with congenital heart diseases have significantly higher emotional problems compared to those without chronic illnesses. Early detection and management of emotional problems is essential   to improve the quality of life of the adolescents with congenital heart diseases.References
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11. Toren P, Horesh N. Psychiatric morbidity in adolescents operated in childhood for congenital cyanotic heart disease. J Paediatr Child Health. 2007;43:662-6.
12. Wittchen DA, Millane TA, Lip GY. Psychological interventions for depression in adolescent and adult congenital heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD004372.
13. Merry SN, Hetrick SE, Cox GR, Brudevold-Iversen T, Bir JJ, McDowell. Psychological and educational interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7;(12):CD003380
14. Gillies D, Taylor F, Gray C, O'Brien L, D'Abrew N. Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;(12):CD006726.
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2. Masi G, Brovedani P. Psychopathology of chronic diseases in children and adolescents. Congenital cardiopathies. Minerva Cardioangiol. 1996;44:479-93.
3. Lane DA, Millane TA, Lip GY. Psychological interventions for depression in adolescent and adult congenital heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD004372.
4. Wang Q, Hay M, Clarke D, Menahem S. Associations between knowledge of disease, depression and anxiety, social support, sense of coherence and optimism with health-related quality of life in an ambulatory sample of adolescents with heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2014;24:126-33.
5. Spurkland I, Bjornstad PG, Lindberg H, Seem E. Mental health and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with congenital heart disease. A comparison between adolescents born with severe heart defect and atrial septal defect. Acta Paediatrica. 1993; 82:71-6.
6. Cohen M, Mansoor D, Langut H, Lorber A. Quality of life, depressed mood, and self-esteem in adolescents with heart disease. Psychosom Med. 2007;69:313-8.
7. Wang Q, Hay M, Clarke D, Menahem S. The prevalence and predictors of
anxiety and depression in adolescents with heart disease. J Pediatr. 2012;
161:943-6.
8. Lip GY, Lane DA, Millane TA, Tayebjee MH. Psychological interventions for depression in adolescent and adult congenital heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;3:CD004394.
9. Utens EM, Verhulst FC, Duivenvoorden HJ, Meijboom FJ, Erdman RA, Hess J. Prediction of behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with operated congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:801-7.
10. Utens EM, Verhulst FC, Meijboom FJ, Duivenvoorden HJ, Erdman RA, Bos E, Roelandt JT, Hess J. Behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Psychol Med. 1993;23:415-24.
11. Toren P, Horesh N. Psychiatric morbidity in adolescents operated in childhood for congenital cyanotic heart disease. J Paediatr Child Health. 2007;43:662-6.
12. Wittchen DA, Millane TA, Lip GY. Psychological interventions for depression in adolescent and adult congenital heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD004372.
13. Merry SN, Hetrick SE, Cox GR, Brudevold-Iversen T, Bir JJ, McDowell. Psychological and educational interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7;(12):CD003380
14. Gillies D, Taylor F, Gray C, O'Brien L, D'Abrew N. Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;(12):CD006726.
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