Autoimmune Encephalitis : A Case Report
Abstract
Background:The etiology of encephalitis are numerous and extensive investigations for infectious agents and other causes are often negative. Case characteristics: Five year old girl presented with abnormal / aggressive behaviour and seizures. Investigations revealed Anti-NMDAR positive encephalitis. Outcome: The child improved with immunosuppressant; along with speech and behavioural therapy.Message: Any child presenting with prominent psychiatric symptoms, we should rule out a possibility of autoimmune encephalitis.References
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2. Somnier F. Autoimmune encephalitis- History & current knowledge [Internet]. Ssi.dk. 2016 [cited 1 May 2016]. Available from:http://www.ssi.dk/~/media/Indhold/DK%20-%20dansk/Diagnostik/DiagnostiskHaandbog/Autoimmune%20encephalitis%2058.ashx
3. Logesh Lingappa, Sirisharani Siddaiahgari. Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Encephalitis and Encephalopathies. In: Gupta P, Menon P, Ramji S, Lodha R. PG Textbook of Pediatrics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.; 2015. p.2173-74
4. Hughes E, Peng X, Gleichman A, Lai M, Zhou L, Tsou R et al. Cellular and Synaptic Mechanisms of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Journal of Neuroscience. 2010;30(17):5866-5875.
5. Martinez-Hernandez E, Horvath J, Shiloh-Malawsky Y, Sangha N, Martinez-Lage M, Dalmau J. Analysis of complement and plasma cells in the brain of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Neurology. 2011;77(6):589-593.
6. Gable M, Gavali S, Radner A, Tilley D, Lee B, Dyner L et al. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: report of ten cases and comparison with viral encephalitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;28(12):1421-1429.
7. Prüss H, Finke C, Höltje M, Hofmann J, Klingbeil C, Probst C et al. N-methyl- D -aspartate receptor antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis. Annals of Neurology. 2012;72(6):902-911.
8. Tsutsui K, Kanbayashi T, Tanaka K, Boku S, Ito W, Tokunaga J et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor antibody detected in encephalitis, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy with psychotic features. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12(1):37.
9. Dalmau J, Gleichman A, Hughes E, Rossi J, Peng X, Lai M et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. The Lancet Neurology. 2008;7(12):1091-1098.
