Newer Diagnostic And Therapeutic Modalities For Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Abstract
There is refinement of classification criteria for various rheumatic diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis, Sjogren’s syndrome etc. in the last few years which help the clinician in establishing early diagnosis and therapy. In case of uncertainties in the diagnosis, clinicians need to carefully interpret the result of autoantibody tests in the background of the clinical context. A growing number of autoantibodies have specificity for particular clinical phenotypes. They can also offer prognostic information and sometimes diagnostic certainty. Early use of Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic drugs(DMARDs) and biological agents to attain no or low disease activity measured by primary complex indices markedly changed the outcome in most of the autoimmune rheumatic diseasesReferences
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2.Deane, K. D. & El-Gabalawy, H. Pathogenesis and prevention of rheumatic disease: focus on preclinical RA and SLE Nat. Rev. Rheumatol.2014 10, 212–228
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11.Kobayashi, Daisuke, Ito, Satoshi, Murasawa, Akira, Narita, Ichiei, Nakazono, Kiyoshi; Efficacy and Safety Of a Novel Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug, Iguratimod, As Add-On Therapy For Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65 S10 :1422 DOI: 10.1002/art.2013.65.issue-s10
12 Mok CC. Update on emerging drug therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2010 15(1):53-70
13.Hahn BH. Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1528-35.
14.Appel GB, Contreras G, Dooley MA, Ginzler EM, Isenberg D, Jayne D, et al. Aspreva Lupus Management Study Group: Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:1103-12.
15.Dall’Era M, Chakravarty E, Wallace D, Genovese M, Weisman M, Kavanaugh A, et al. Reduced B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels after atacicept treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:4142-50.
16.Illei GG, Shirota Y, Yarboro CH, Daruwalla J, Tackey E, Takada K, et al. Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:542–552.
17.Illei GG, Cervera R, Burt RK, Doria A, Hiepe F, Jayne D, et al. Current state and future directions of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:2071-4.
18.Ferraz MB, Tugwell P, Goldsmith CH, et al.: Meta-analysis of sulfasalazine in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1990, 17:1482-1486
19.Ostendorf B, Specker C, Schneider M: Methotrexate lacks efficacy in the treatment of severe ankylosing spondylitis compared with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 1998, 4:129-136.
20.Braun J, Pham T, Sieper J, et al.: ASAS Working Group: International ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62:817-824
21.BaetenD., SieperJ, BraunJ,et al Secukinumab, an Interleukin-17A Inhibitor, in Ankylosing Spondylitis N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2534-2548
22.Shirley M, Scott LJ Secukinumab: A Review in Psoriatic Arthritis. Drugs. 2016 76(11):1135-45.
23.Diab DL, Watts NB Denosumab in osteoporosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 13(2):247-53.
24.Lapadula G , Ferraccioli GF Biosimilars in rheumatology: pharmacological and pharmacoeconomic issues Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 30 (Suppl. 69): S102-S106.
2.Deane, K. D. & El-Gabalawy, H. Pathogenesis and prevention of rheumatic disease: focus on preclinical RA and SLE Nat. Rev. Rheumatol.2014 10, 212–228
3 Preclinical rheumatic disease Bykerk VP,Costenbader KH,Deane K (ed) Rheum Dis Clin N Am. Saunders 2014:40(4) 569-822
4.Wahren-Herlenius, M and Dörner, T. Immunopathogenic mechanisms of systemic autoimmune disease. Lancet. 2013; 382: 819–83
5 SmolenJS, Daniel AletahaD, McInnesIB Rheumatoid arthritis Lancet 2016; 388: 2023–38
6. Nam JL, Ramiro S, Gaujoux-Viala C, et al. Efficacy of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the 2013 update of the EULAR recommendations or the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73: 516–28.
7.Gaujoux-Viala C, Nam J, Ramiro S, et al. Effi cacy of conventionalsynthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoids and tofacitinib: a systematic literature review informing the2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management ofrheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73: 510–15.
8.Ramiro S, Gaujoux-Viala C, Nam JL, et al. Safety of synthetic andbiological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management ofrheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73: 529–35.
9. Stoff er MA, Schoels M, Smolen JS, et al. Evidence for treatingrheumatoid arthritis to target: results of a systematic literaturesearch update. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75: 16–22.
10.HodgeJA ,Kawabata T.T.Krishnaswami S et al The mechanism of action of tofacitinib – an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis Clin Exp Rheumatol 2016; 34: 318-328.
11.Kobayashi, Daisuke, Ito, Satoshi, Murasawa, Akira, Narita, Ichiei, Nakazono, Kiyoshi; Efficacy and Safety Of a Novel Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug, Iguratimod, As Add-On Therapy For Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65 S10 :1422 DOI: 10.1002/art.2013.65.issue-s10
12 Mok CC. Update on emerging drug therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2010 15(1):53-70
13.Hahn BH. Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1528-35.
14.Appel GB, Contreras G, Dooley MA, Ginzler EM, Isenberg D, Jayne D, et al. Aspreva Lupus Management Study Group: Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:1103-12.
15.Dall’Era M, Chakravarty E, Wallace D, Genovese M, Weisman M, Kavanaugh A, et al. Reduced B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels after atacicept treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:4142-50.
16.Illei GG, Shirota Y, Yarboro CH, Daruwalla J, Tackey E, Takada K, et al. Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:542–552.
17.Illei GG, Cervera R, Burt RK, Doria A, Hiepe F, Jayne D, et al. Current state and future directions of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:2071-4.
18.Ferraz MB, Tugwell P, Goldsmith CH, et al.: Meta-analysis of sulfasalazine in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1990, 17:1482-1486
19.Ostendorf B, Specker C, Schneider M: Methotrexate lacks efficacy in the treatment of severe ankylosing spondylitis compared with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 1998, 4:129-136.
20.Braun J, Pham T, Sieper J, et al.: ASAS Working Group: International ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62:817-824
21.BaetenD., SieperJ, BraunJ,et al Secukinumab, an Interleukin-17A Inhibitor, in Ankylosing Spondylitis N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2534-2548
22.Shirley M, Scott LJ Secukinumab: A Review in Psoriatic Arthritis. Drugs. 2016 76(11):1135-45.
23.Diab DL, Watts NB Denosumab in osteoporosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 13(2):247-53.
24.Lapadula G , Ferraccioli GF Biosimilars in rheumatology: pharmacological and pharmacoeconomic issues Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 30 (Suppl. 69): S102-S106.
